d-aminolevulinic acid–induced protoporphyrin IX concentration correlates with histopathologic markers of malignancy in human gliomas: the need for quantitative fluorescence-guided resection to identify regions of increasing malignancy

Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth College (P.A.V., Z.B.M., K.D.P., D.W.R., B.T.H.), Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (P.A.V., K.D.P., D.W.R.); Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (A.K., M.B., C.N., B.C.W.); Community and Family Medicine (Biostatistics) and The Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire (T.D.T.); Norris Cotton Cancer Center (T.D.T., K.D.P., D.W.R., B.T.H.), Section of Neurosurgery (D.W.R.) and Department of Neurology (B.T.H.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (B.T.H.)